Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
http://www.alb.periodikos.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X1025
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Original Article

Evaluation of the status of ecological quality of tropical estuaries using meiofauna as biological indicators on the Northeast coast of Brazil (7°S)

Avaliação do status de qualidade ecológica de estuários tropicais usando a meiofauna como indicadores biológicos no Nordeste do Brasil (7ºS)

Sebastião Tilbert; Miodeli Nogueira Júnior

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X1025 Acta Limnol. Bras. (Online), vol.38, e9, 2026
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Abstract

Aim: The status of ecological quality (EcoQ) has been used as a tool of ecological evaluation of water bodies based on benthic communities. It has been extensively used in temperate estuaries, but its usage for tropical environments has not been tested yet. To evaluate if EcoQ can be used as a reliable anthropic disturbance indicator in tropical estuaries, we sampled meiofaunal assemblages on two Brazilian tropical estuaries with extensive mangrove areas submitted to different levels of anthropic impact.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Mamanguape River estuary, a Protected Landscape (IUCN, category V), and Paraíba River estuary, adjacent to an urban center with 1,380,923 citizens, both at tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast (~7°S). Sampling campaigns were performed on 17 and 24, April 2016, in the Mamanguape and Paraíba estuaries, respectively. During the low tide eight sites on each estuary were sampled on triplicates, totaling 48 samples. Samples were taken using a corer with 11 cm2 introduced 10 cm deep in the sediment. Additionally, sediment samples were taken at each site to analyze the amount of organic matter and granulometric characteristics.

Results: Sites were grouped as sandy and sandy mud regions. As expected, the Global Human Influence Index was considerably higher in the more impacted estuary, in both granulometric regions. However, the EcoQ values were roughly similar comparing both estuaries and were significantly different (ANOVA, p<0.05) comparing the granulometric profiles.

Conclusions: These results suggest that meiofaunal-based EcoQ was more sensitive to the granulometric gradient than to the anthropogenic impact. This is likely to be associated with environmental particularities of tropical estuaries and consequent biological adaptations of meiofaunal assemblages, which may result in distortions in the EcoQ as currently used. Thus, it is important to calibrate the index to tropical estuaries with fine sediments and, therefore, a more robust baseline data is necessary, including a higher spatial and temporal coverage, and lower taxonomic resolution.

Keywords

Benthic meiofauna; mangrove; sediments; soft bottom; human footprint

Resumo

Objetivo: O estado de qualidade ecológica (EcoQ) tem sido usado como uma ferramenta de avaliação ecológica de corpos d'água com base na comunidade bentônica. Ele tem sido amplamente usado em estuários temperados, mas seu uso em ambientes tropicais ainda não foi testado. Para avaliar se o EcoQ pode ser usado como um indicador confiável de distúrbios antrópicos em estuários tropicais, amostramos comunidades meiofaunais em dois estuários tropicais brasileiros com extensas áreas de manguezal submetidas a diferentes níveis de impacto antrópico.

Métodos: Este estudo foi conduzido no estuário do Rio Mamanguape, uma Paisagem Protegida (IUCN, categoria V), e no estuário do Rio Paraíba, adjacente a um centro urbano com 1.380.923 cidadãos, ambos na costa tropical do Nordeste brasileiro (~7°S). As campanhas de amostragem foram realizadas em 17 e 24 de abril de 2016 nos estuários de Mamanguape e Paraíba, respectivamente. Durante a maré baixa, oito estações em cada estuário foram amostradas em triplicatas, totalizando 48 amostras. Cada amostra foi coletada usando um corer com 11 cm2 introduzido a 10 cm de profundidade no sedimento. Além disso, amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em cada local, para analisar a quantidade de matéria orgânica e as características granulométricas.

Resultados: As estações foram agrupadas em regiões de areia e de lama-arenosa. Conforme o esperado, o índice global de influência humana foi consideravelmente maior no estuário mais impactado. Entretanto, os valores de EcoQ foram semelhantes comparando ambos os estuários, mas foram significativamente diferentes (ANOVA; p<0,05) comparando os perfis granulométricos.

Conclusões: Esses resultados sugerem que o EcoQ baseado na meiofauna foi mais sensível ao gradiente granulométrico do que aos impactos antrópicos. Isso possivelmente está associado a particularidades ambientais de estuários tropicais e consequentes adaptações biológicas da meiofauna, que podem levar a distorções no índice. Assim, é importante uma calibragem do EcoQ para estuários tropicais com sedimentos finos e, para tanto, faz-se necessário uma base de dados mais robusta incluindo uma maior cobertura espacial e temporal e melhor resolução taxonômica.

Palavras-chave

Meiofauna bentônica; manguezal; sedimentos; fundos moles; pegada humana

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Submitted date:
01/30/2025

Accepted date:
03/23/2026

Publication date:
05/26/2026

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